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Python: complete course

Learn Python from syntax through data structures, files, modules, OOP, testing, typing, APIs and practical automation/backend foundations. Every chapter ends with practical projects so you build while you learn.

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1Python foundations and execution~10 min

What you are learning

1 Python foundations and execution ~10 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
print("Orbit Code")
name = "Alex"
print(name)

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
2Numbers, strings and expressions~12 min

What you are learning

2 Numbers, strings and expressions ~12 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
name = "Alex"
score = 82
print(name, score, type(score).__name__)

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
3Conditions and loops~14 min

What you are learning

3 Conditions and loops ~14 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
score = 82
if score >= 80:
    print("Great")
for i in range(1, 4):
    print(i)

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
4Functions and scope~16 min

What you are learning

4 Functions and scope ~16 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
def add(a, b):
    return a + b
print(add(4, 6))

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
5Lists and sequences~18 min

What you are learning

5 Lists and sequences ~18 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
courses = ["HTML", "CSS", "Python"]
print([len(c) for c in courses])

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
6Tuples, sets and dictionaries~20 min

What you are learning

6 Tuples, sets and dictionaries ~20 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
course = {"title": "HTML", "chapters": 17}
course["done"] = True
print(course)

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
7Modules, packages and environments~22 min

What you are learning

7 Modules, packages and environments ~22 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
# project layout
# package/
#   __init__.py
#   lessons.py
# Use a virtual environment before installing packages.

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
8Errors and defensive programming~24 min

What you are learning

8 Errors and defensive programming ~24 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
try:
    value = int("abc")
except ValueError as error:
    print("Invalid number:", error)

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
9Files, paths and serialization~26 min

What you are learning

9 Files, paths and serialization ~26 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
from pathlib import Path
path = Path("notes.txt")
path.write_text("Orbit Code", encoding="utf-8")
print(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
10Object-oriented Python~28 min

What you are learning

10 Object-oriented Python ~28 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
class Course:
    def __init__(self, title):
        self.title = title

c = Course("HTML")
print(c.title)

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
11Iterators, generators and decorators~30 min

What you are learning

11 Iterators, generators and decorators ~30 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
def count_up(n):
    for i in range(n):
        yield i
print(list(count_up(3)))

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
12Type hints and modern Python~32 min

What you are learning

12 Type hints and modern Python ~32 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
def greet(name: str) -> str:
    return f"Hello {name}"
print(greet("Sam"))

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
13Testing and project quality~34 min

What you are learning

13 Testing and project quality ~34 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
def add(a, b):
    assert a + b == b + a

add(2, 3)

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
14HTTP, APIs and automation~36 min

What you are learning

14 HTTP, APIs and automation ~36 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
from urllib.request import urlopen
import json
# Use a trusted API in a real project.
# response = json.load(urlopen("https://example.com/data.json"))

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
15Databases with Python~38 min

What you are learning

15 Databases with Python ~38 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
import sqlite3
con = sqlite3.connect("courses.db")
con.execute("create table if not exists course (id integer, title text)")
con.commit()
con.close()

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
16Backend foundations with Python~40 min

What you are learning

16 Backend foundations with Python ~40 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
def health():
    return {"status": "ok"}

print(health())

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topNext chapter
17Capstone: practical Python application~42 min

What you are learning

17 Capstone: practical Python application ~42 min is a core part of PYTHON. Learn the vocabulary, syntax, execution or data model, why the feature exists, how it interacts with earlier concepts, and the mistakes that cause real programs to fail.

How it works

Practice the smallest useful version first, then change inputs, combine it with earlier concepts, and inspect what happens when assumptions are wrong. Production code favors clear, testable solutions over clever tricks.

Practical example

python
courses = [{"title": "HTML", "done": False}]
completed = [c for c in courses if c["done"]]
print(completed)

Practice: Change one part of the example, predict the result, run it when supported, then deliberately make one small mistake and fix it.

Projects

Do these after the explanation. Do not copy the example unchanged; build the projects from memory and use the reference only when stuck.

  1. Build a focused PYTHON mini-project
  2. Build a second project combining this chapter with earlier concepts
  3. Rebuild the project without copying the example
Back to topFinish course
Orbit Code · Detailed programming course · Progress can be synced when signed in · · Contact: xyroworkonly@gmail.com
Curriculum note: This course is written as original instructional material informed by current official documentation and reference material. It is not a copy of any documentation.